Parameter identification for further utilization as selection criteria to generate new forage maize cultivars is of the utmost importance in the breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, yield, and nutritional value of experimental maize hybrids with forage potential in the Central Highlands of Mexico. The experiment was conducted in Texcoco, State of Mexico. Treatments consisted of 11 maize cultivars planted in irrigated conditions and allocated in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated differences (P<0.0001) for most variables. Earliness varied from 84 to 109 days, and plant height from 190 to 282.9 cm. In addition, cultivars with Tropical and subtropical germplasm showed an increasing incidence of common rust from 8.3 to 92%. The yield of green forage varied from 37.1 to 80 t ha-1, while the yield of dry matter was from 12.8 to 24.8 t ha-1. In conclusion, the productive potential of hybrids with Tropical germplasm is limited due to their susceptibility to rust. In contrast, hybrids with germplasm from the Highlands showed an outstanding performance. These hybrids were V-107, H157-E, H-161, and H-166E.
In this study, we propose the analysis of a tubular structure undergoing expansion along the axis of the cylindrical material under internal pressure. Both kinematic and dynamic aspects are examined, leading to the derivation of an exact analytical solution using a system of partial differential equations. Simulation results demonstrate that the solution exhibits sinusoidal behavior in all cases. Minor variations result in incremental or decremental intervals, while significant changes in radius cause simultaneous increase and decrease intervals with trigonometric patterns. Additionally, we observe that the second component significantly influences the overall solution behavior compared to the first component.
This study was conducted in Democratic Republic of Congo, in the province of Kwango, chiefdom of Pelende Nord in order to inventory the floristic diversity of forest islands. To study the vegetation, 15 transects 5 meters wide and 60 meters long were set up at random, with 5 transects per forest island. The inventoried plant species were identified using the combination of various identification keys, the botanical classification taking into account Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG IV).
The results obtained reveal 129 plant species divided into 35 families including 48 species with an average of 25.5 ± 14.4 in the first forest island, 39 species with an average of 20 ± 11.4 in the second forest island and 42 species with an average of 21.5±12.3 in the third forest island. The most represented families are those of Rubiaceae with 45.7%, Euphorbiaceae come second with 42.9% and Fabaceae in third position with 28.6%. This floristic richness shows that if these forest islands are well preserved, they can evolve into forest ecosystems by providing the same ecosystem services.
The objectives of this study are to identify the actors and actions that contribute to the development of the regional area of Kimvula, to demonstrate that the territory of Kimvula is underdeveloped, to show the problems of this situation and the strategies to ensure the integral development and to solve the problem of its poor development.
The results obtained from this study affirm that the level of the development is in decline (opinion of 60 percent of subjects surveyed), or in stagnation (opinion of 34.5 percent of subjects surveyed) and without opinion (opinion of 5.5 percent of subjects surveyed). The long-term development of Kimvula therefore requires diversification of their economies into the production of tradable goods. It is also necessary in the medium term because the territory is isolated from a possible reversal, even temporary, in the current trend in raw material prices. Diversification of production can follow several directions.
The evacuation of agricultural products is a first path. But also, significant investments in transport infrastructure and the rehabilitation of agricultural service roads.
National governments and international development agencies have neglected for too long the potential that the territory of Kimvula represents.
Striga represents a significant constraint to food production. Despite its harmful effects, striga is regularly sought in the markets for uses miscellaneous. The general objective of this work is to collect all the information on the use made of this harmful species. Field surveys were carried out in the 6 regions of Niger (Dosso, Maradi, Niamey, Tillabéry, and Zinder) and the choice of surveyed, was done at random. 340 people were interviewed including 236 men and 104 women. The survey results showed that 76% of surveys use striga and it is involved in 10 categories of uses, namely fodder, soil fertilization, the mystical, the dye, the fuel, the fight against erosion, the insecticide, human food, traditional human and animal medicine. The uses most cited are fodder with 35.10% followed by human medicine (22.12%). This study made it possible to inventory 31 diseases for which striga is used for treatment of diseases in humans.
The fundamental tool of this study is the two and three-dimensional modeling software DELFT 3D. It was used to model the hydrodynamic processes of the harbor of San-Pédro (Côte d’Ivoire) and its immediate marine environment, with the input parameters such as tidal variations in tides and river flows, as well as average annual wind speeds. Studies focused on the behavior of current fields, water level variation, and the nature of the tidal wave. The calibration of the model followed by an analysis of the literature led us to choose a coefficient of 0.03 m-1/3.s, with which the model performs very well. Current fields tend to follow the wind direction, parallel to the coast at sea, while they fit the morphology of the roadstead. At sea, currents are exclusively linear at low water, and exceptionally gyratory at flood stage in front of the San-Pedro river outlet. In the roadstead, they are gyratory and linear, alternating in some places and permanently gyratory in others. The shape of the current also depends on its speed, with a limit of 1.5 cm/s for the appearance of gyratory currents at lower speeds. The current speeds in the roadstead are between 0 and 6 cm/s while at sea they are between 5 and 11 cm/s, exceptionally between 10 and 34 cm/s in front of the outlet. As water level variations are highly dependent on tide and season, they are greater in the roadstead (4cm on average) than at sea. The wave is stationary in roadstead, with the existence of the seiche phenomenon, and progressively dominant at sea. The seiche wave determines the directions of entry and exit of water from the roadstead, with low tide corresponding to an outflow of water and high tide, a period of transition between the ingress and egress of water from the roadstead.
Cowpea varieties respond differently to plant population per hectare due to their intrinsic morphological differences and the influence of the weather and soil condition in growing environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of plant population on growth and yield characters of erected and semi-erected cowpea varieties in two agroecological zones of Burkina Faso. A split-plot experiment with three replications conducted in two consecutive rainy seasons, 2019 and 2020, at Kamboinse and Farako-Ba research stations was used to determine the effect of three plant population, 62,500 (control), 95,258 and 111,111 on four improved cowpea varieties, KVx745-11P, Komcalle, Tiligre, Neerwaya. The results showed a significant variation of fodder and grain yield in both locations. At Farako-Ba the combined years data recorded the values of 3740.50, 5240.94 and 5164.02 kilogram per hectare for fodder yield and 1124.14, 1242.93 and 1372.93 kilogram per hectare for grain yield at the plant population of 62,500, 95,238 and 111,111, respectively. The same trend was Observed in Kamboinse with slightly higher average means of fodder and grain yield which were 4300.75, 6446.06, 6699.06 kilogram per hectare and 1285.82, 1481.06 and 1650.03 kilogram per hectare, respectively. From the study it is also noticed that grain and fodder yield were impacted by genotypes and environment. The positive relationship between plant population, fodder and grain yield suggest that improved cowpea varieties yield can be substantially increased with the plant population of 111,111 per hectare.
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